Many dyes can also contain toluene, a well-established neurotoxin, linked to birth defects, pregnancy loss, and allergic reaction. Despite these problems, unlike most color additives, coal-tar dyes do not need approval from the FDA. Coal tars themselves have been associated with multiple forms of cancer, and some coal-tar dyes have been found to cause cancer in animals. Coal-tar dyes have been associated with a number of health effects like eye injury and allergic reactions. P-phenylenediamine is one of many coal-tar colors, which are derived from petroleum. It is restricted for use in the European Union. P-phenylenediamine is associated with birth defects, skin irritation, liver and blood toxicity, and allergic reaction. Ammonia is a respiratory and asthma irritant, a potential endocrine disruptor, and is persistent in the environment, meaning it sticks around. These common dye chemicals are associated with negative health effects.
Next, hydrogen peroxide bleaches the hair and helps p-phenylenediamine, one of the primary coloring agents, to become trapped in the hair. The ammonia pulls apart layers of the hair’s proteins, so that the dye can access the hair shaft. To achieve a permanent color, many hair dyes work using a system of ammonia (or ethanolamines in the case of some ammonia-free products), hydrogen peroxide, and p-phenylenediamine. This means your stylist might not even know themselves what ingredients are in your salon hair color. The FDA does not require “For Professional Use Only” products, which include some dyes sold directly to stylists, to list the ingredients on packaging. However, salon products do not even have to list ingredients, because of loose language in federal legislation. Whether you can make sense of those labels may be another story altogether, as ingredients listed can be complex and hard to decode. When you purchase hair dye at the store, the ingredients are required to be listed on the label. Salon workers are even more exposed to these chemicals – potentially to carcinogenic levels of harm – as they may perform multiple hair dying sessions in a day. Toxic Chemicals in Hair Dye and Safer Options January 19, 2018Ĭonventional hair dye is made with harmful chemicals that are put directly on the scalp each time hair is dyed, either at home or in the salon.
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